Navigating Breastfeeding Pain: Understanding Causes and Solutions for New Mothers

When I first breastfed my baby, I was a neonatal nurse with years of experience in newborn care. Yet, I had no idea why breastfeeding was so painful at the start. I asked many professionals, and the most common advice was, “If it hurts, you’re doing it wrong.” But as the youngest in my family, I had never seen anyone breastfeed, and I struggled to get it right. I watched countless YouTube videos, read books, and slowly figured it out. I don’t want new mothers to go through the same confusion and pain without support.

Breastfeeding pain is common, especially in the first weeks. Understanding why breastfeeding hurts and what causes this pain can help you find quick relief and enjoy this special time with your baby.

A mother breastfeeding her newborn with gentle support

Why Does Breastfeeding Hurt? Common Causes of Painful Breastfeeding

Many new mothers ask, “Is breastfeeding supposed to hurt?” The short answer is no, breastfeeding should not cause ongoing pain. Some discomfort is normal in the first few days as your nipples adjust, but persistent pain signals that something needs attention.

Here are the most common breastfeeding pain causes:

• Poor latch

A shallow or incorrect latch is the leading cause of sore nipples and painful breastfeeding. If your baby’s mouth doesn’t cover enough of the areola, the nipple can get pinched or rubbed, causing soreness or cracks.

• Nipple damage

Cracked, bleeding, or blistered nipples often result from poor latch or frequent feeding without proper care. This damage increases pain and risk of infection.

• Engorgement

When your breasts become overly full, they can feel hard, swollen, and painful. This makes it harder for your baby to latch properly, increasing discomfort.

• Thrush (yeast infection)

A fungal infection can cause sharp, burning pain during and after feeds. It often appears alongside nipple damage and may require treatment.

• Blocked milk ducts or mastitis

Blocked ducts cause localized pain and swelling. If untreated, this can develop into mastitis, a painful breast infection.

• Tongue-tie or lip-tie in baby

These conditions restrict your baby’s mouth movement, making it difficult to latch deeply and causing nipple pain.

How to Fix Breastfeeding Pain Quickly

The good news is that most causes of painful breastfeeding can be addressed with simple, evidence-based steps. Here’s what helped me and what I recommend to new mothers:

1. Check and Improve the Latch

A good latch is key to preventing pain. Your baby’s mouth should cover a large part of the areola, not just the nipple. Signs of a good latch include:

• Baby’s lips flanged outward like a fish

• No clicking sounds during feeding

• Baby’s chin touching the breast

• Comfortable feeding without pain after the first minute

  
  

If you’re unsure, seek support from a trained breastfeeding specialist or midwife. According to the UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) standards, skilled help in the early days improves breastfeeding success and reduces pain.

2. Care for Your Nipples

Keep nipples clean and dry. Use expressed breast milk to soothe sore nipples, as it has natural healing properties. Avoid harsh soaps or creams unless recommended by a healthcare provider.

If nipples are cracked or bleeding, try different feeding positions to reduce pressure. Using nipple shields temporarily can help, but only under professional guidance.

3. Manage Engorgement

To relieve engorgement, feed frequently and ensure your baby empties one breast before switching to the other. Warm compresses before feeding and cold packs afterward can reduce swelling and pain.

4. Watch for Signs of Infection

If you notice burning pain, redness, or shiny skin, you might have thrush or mastitis. Contact your midwife or GP promptly for diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention prevents complications.

5. Address Baby’s Tongue-Tie or Lip-Tie

If your baby struggles to latch or feeds inefficiently, ask your healthcare provider to check for tongue-tie or lip-tie. Simple procedures can improve feeding and reduce your pain.

Mother breastfeeding her baby using a nursing pillow for support

Supporting Yourself Through Breastfeeding Pain

Breastfeeding pain can feel overwhelming, but you are not alone. Many mothers face this challenge, and help is available. Here are some tips to support yourself:

• Ask for help early

Don’t wait until pain becomes severe. Reach out to midwives, lactation consultants, or breastfeeding support groups.

• Take care of your mental health

Pain and frustration can affect your mood. Share your feelings with trusted friends or professionals.

• Use reliable resources

The NHS and NICE guidelines offer clear advice on managing breastfeeding pain. The UNICEF BFI standards promote supportive care that respects your needs.

• Consider antenatal breastfeeding courses

Learning about breastfeeding before your baby arrives can prepare you and reduce anxiety. I recommend courses like those at Breastfeeding Educator Hub for practical, evidence-based guidance.

Breastfeeding should be a positive experience, not one marked by pain and confusion. Understanding why breastfeeding hurts and knowing how to fix it quickly can make all the difference. If you’re struggling with painful breastfeeding or sore nipples, remember that support is available, and relief is possible.

Visit Breastfeeding Educator Hub to find courses and resources designed to help you breastfeed confidently and comfortably.